Thus, we developed a simple approach of matrix mutation (MaM), which mutated the initial matrix of BLOSUM62 into the optimal matrix having the highest leave-one-out performance [24].
Figure 2 illustrates the approach of determining mutation reference points in the bi-objective space, where (mathbf{z ^{mathrm{{ref}}}}) is a reference point in the preferred region, the rectangle indicates the preferred region of the population, the square points refer to the mutation reference points, and the dotted ones represent solutions to be mutated.
In GPS 2.0, the scoring strategy was preserved, and the novel approach of matrix mutation (MaM) was used to improve performance [24].
Based on the approach of high mutation rate in tandem DNA repeats loci, this important methodology has proven its discriminatory power in the study of Brucella species with high homogeneity and the ability to distinguish isolates of various geographic origins [ 10, 11].
Khan and Ranganathan [ 39] have used a multi-species comparative structural approach of inherited mutations to correlate genotype to phenotype in an inherited disease.
We designed by molecular modeling and tested by the two-hybrid approach, series of mutations spread all over the sequence and changing the distribution of hydrophobicity and/or the spatial hindrance.
To establish a comprehensive approach for mutation detection of PMS2, we have designed a strategy combining targeted capture next-generation sequencing (NGS), multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and long-range PCR followed by NGS to simultaneously detect point mutations and copy number changes of PMS2.
Preimplantation genetic haplotyping is a clinical method of PGD, which involves whole-genome amplification (WGA) of the biopsied material and analysis of multiple microsatellite markers linked or optimally flanking the mutation site, in order to provide a more practical, yet accurate (due to a low risk of recombination), indirect approach to mutation analysis.
Although this approach assuming heterogeneity of mutation rates across both lineages and blocks is still under development for practical use, it could contribute to reconstructing more precise demographic histories of related species, including hominids.
It is proposed that a variable mutation rate (as opposed to the more classical approach of a constant mutation rate) can contribute towards better optimization performance, away from local optima: the longer the GA remains at a local optimum, the higher the mutation rate can become.
