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For many years, we have used the submandibular retropharyngeal approach for surgery of the upper cervical spine, especially hangman fracture.
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If patients' CRS is severe enough to approach consideration for surgery, yearly costs related to CRS may be even greater, approaching $2449.
This article aimed to present a series of surgically treated head and neck vascular anomalies during a 12-year period, highlighting the epidemiology, diagnostic approach, indications for surgery, and final clinical outcome.
Recent descriptions regarding surgeries under local anesthesia have aroused a renewed interest in this approach for thyroid surgery [ 1– 3].
The history of the transsphenoidal approach for pituitary surgery is reviewed in this mini review.
Objective: We describe a new endoscopic transethmoid approach for pituitary surgery and to compare it with other surgical techniques.
To outline a structured approach for general surgery resident integration into institutional quality improvement and patient safety education and development.
The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists has endorsed this approach for gynaecological surgery, and further work developing pathways for obstetrics is already underway.
The intraoral approach for mandibular surgery offers many advantages that minimize the risks of visible scars and facial nerve injury.
Subsequently, LH became an alternative approach for abdominal surgery with the advantage of an increased recovery time and reduced blood loss [5].
When DHCA gained widespread acceptance as the standard approach for arch surgery, antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) as an adjunct to deep hypothermic arrest began its triumphal march offering both improved neuroprotection and operative outcomes.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com