The traditional medical education model which uses an apprenticeship approach to clinical learning may need to be re-assessed and augmented with additional training.
This finding is in line with, for example, the cognitive apprenticeship approach [ 20, 24].
Learning and skill development also occurred through an apprenticeship approach, facilitated by the range of experience in team members.
An example of an assessment question ripe for this type of cognitive apprenticeship approach is to probe students' thinking on what is the ultimate source of the mass of living things (e.g., Ebert-May et al., 2003; Thinking Like a Biologist website [http://biodqc.org]).
(Isaacson had also written a biography of Henry Kissinger, perhaps a more useful apprenticeship for approaching his Machiavellian subject).
The crucial questions of our evaluation studies were the efficacy of a multimedia-based realization of the cognitive apprenticeship (CA) approach, the diagnosis of mental model progression through the CA based instruction, and the effects of implemented metacognitive training.
In contrast, the traditional apprenticeship training approach seems cost-effective, relying as it does upon the learner assisting a professional in the execution of his/her paid duties.
Small class size: Although the course-based research experience does not provide 1 1 interactions with a researcher as apprenticeship-style approaches do, it does provide a higher faculty-to-student ratio than is normally offered at a large university.
One idea that stands out is the apprenticeship-style approach mooted last month by Legal Services Board chairman David Edmonds, which would see some of the professional training responsibilities that currently reside with the law schools reallocated to law firms and barristers' chambers.
These training methods were supplemented by two approaches: pupil apprenticeship, whereby the recruit learned working skills with the intention of qualifying for an advanced position in the industry; and student apprenticeship, which allowed those with a university education, technical education, or working experience to qualify for employment.
