The obtained value of Q∗ was about +20 kJ/mol for the initial hydrogen concentration of 0.008 at.%, and no appreciable temperature dependence was observed.
"This is definitely the first time that we've been able to see an appreciable temperature change in a neutron star," says Andrew Steiner, a nuclear astrophysicist at Michigan State University in East Lansing and member of Page's team.
Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) comprise thermally insulating materials having sufficient thickness and durability that they can sustain an appreciable temperature difference between the load bearing alloy and the coating surface.
A nickel alloy (DilverP1), having high yield stress ∼680 MPa and low thermal conductivity ∼17.5 W/m/°C, based microheater with appreciable temperature distribution uniformity and low power consumption (∼140 mW at optimum operating temperature) was designed and fabricated for the purpose.
Indeed, here we see no appreciable temperature evolution of individual conformer occupancies or B-factors at 180 K and below, and the average disorder at these temperatures is far in excess of what is predicted from high-temperature extrapolations.
Direct sonication at moderate to high output power settings can also result in an appreciable temperature increase in the sample, which could impact sample integrity; an ice bath can be used to mitigate this effect.
