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Whether these restrictions led to appreciable bias is unknown.
There was little evidence of any appreciable bias with any of the methods or estimators or with any second-phase sample size.
Using a simulation program the authors concluded that the speed at which the fish approached the belt-transect diver (not the stationary-point-count diver) caused the most appreciable bias between the observed and true density.
In contrast, in the horizontal axis trials the individual observers appear to show random scatter about 50% — there was no appreciable bias in favor of either a leftward or rightward viewing position, or for upward or downward rotation (Fig. 2A).
As no meta-analysis was undertaken this did not lead to any appreciable bias.
Nonresponse to the follow-up questionnaire did not result in appreciable bias; bias was greatest in subgroups with small numbers.
Similar(42)
When the dispersion parameters are small (ϕ0 = 5 and ϕ1 = 10) the bias in effect estimates is appreciable (biases range from 2.22E-02 2.22E-022.31E-02).
There may be appreciable recall bias (Lee et al., 2005).
This plot indicated that estimates obtained from those 31 studies lay within the pseudo 95% confidence limits, an indication of non-appreciable publication bias.
An examination of the distribution of total union exon lengths classified by whether or not the gene was determined to be differentially expressed showed that there did not seem to be appreciable gene length bias contrary to what had been seen previously [19], [43].
Importantly, the curves in panels C and D show that at relatively low ligand concentrations and very small or large values of ε, B0 is appreciable and the bias from affinity differences may not be inconsequential and should be considered with pathway efficacy when characterizing drug behavior.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com