Sweeney outlines a number of steps that companies can take to keep the impact of bias in check, including "reviewing people data such as recruitment and appraisals to identify if bias is playing a part in the decision making" and "encouraging employees to talk to others when making decisions to gain different perspectives and insights".
Nelson highlighted the need for organisations to conduct board appraisals.
They should be interpreted in the context of an individual and their school, and should help headteachers take the lead with their own professional development, inform governors about appraisals and assist those designing and leading training programmes for senior and aspiring leaders.
Structuring a working relationship with the senior members of staff responsible for assessing middle leaders can be problematic; both parties generally have little contact time and scrutiny of results can create extra pressure during appraisals.
In Mexico, which stood to gain most from freer trade (since its barriers were so much higher at the outset) and which has indeed benefited greatly according to most economic appraisals, the agreement is widely regarded as having been useless or worse.
In other countries, the top of the pay scale is often higher (see chart), but it takes much longer to get there.The government plans to offer teachers the chance to earn, in time, up to £40,000 but only if they pass rigorous appraisals of their performance, in which the improvement in pupils' exam results will be one of the yardsticks.
Up until the crisis it followed the "It's a Wonderful Life" model, holding on to the mortgages it had originated instead of selling them to government-sponsored entities, as most banks did.Marquette's survival, therefore, depended on the quality of its appraisals of borrowers and homes.
Dubious appraisals by the big agencies Moody's, Standard & Poor's (S&P) and Fitch contributed to the crash.
Some of this week's zestful speculations and some of the more cautious appraisals too will no doubt be proved false in time; but there are certain things that can and should be said now.
Open recruitment exams, merit appraisals and performance checks are being experimented with in a service previously unused to modern ideas.
So Marquette can no longer conduct its own appraisals.
