In order to answer to our research questions, we have taken the chance of applying different methodologies in the process of designing two applications devoted to meet different needs of users at the University of Bologna, with different levels of users' engagement in such a process.
In Figures 8, 9, 10 and 11, the log-log plots used for the calculation of fractal dimensions by applying different methodologies for the 1 × 1 μm, 2 × 2 μm, 3 × 3 μm and 5 × 5 μm sets of AFM images are illustrated.
The big challenge remains the degree of support through the inspectorate systems that do not always approve of lively classes, and might even discourage the teacher from applying different methodologies despite the teacher's knowledge about them.
All these trees were generated by applying different methodologies and using different databases, data sets, and sources of phylogenetic signals (supplementary table S1, Supplementary Material online), which makes the search for a consensus species tree especially meaningful.
This final statement is not only justified by an increasing number of studies which link prenatal exposure to nicotine to externalising problems applying different methodologies to account for confounding but also by other adverse health effects known to be caused by prenatal nicotine exposure.
Nevertheless, considering the results of an increasing number of studies which link prenatal exposure to nicotine to externalising problems applying different methodologies to account for confounding and in view of other adverse health effects known to be caused by this exposure, parents should consider smoking cessation.
Each rating agency applies different methodologies, thresholds and notation, but they are broadly similar across the industry.
Researchers (e.g. Kortatsi et al. 2008; Yidana et al. 2008a, b, c, d; Yidana 2008; Banoeng-Yakubo et al. 2009; Nag and Ray 2015; Nag 2014; Nag and Ghosh 2013) have applied different methodologies to understand the sources of variation in the quality of surface and groundwater basins in India.
Studies on biomass/bioenergy resources apply different methodologies, different definitions of resource potential, different geographical scope and different assumptions regarding availability.
Clinical laboratories currently apply different methodologies using multiple technological platforms and diagnostic expertise in a stepwise manner to detect different types of mutations.
