If a large number of specularly reflected pixels exist in the image, we can consider applying a prefiltering operation given by (1) to skip them.
The second methyl group should have the same orientation relatively to benzene ring, which is achieved by applying a symmetry operation (reflection) only for this methyl group (d).
The equations for large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent flows are derived by applying a "filtering" operation to the Navier-Stokes equations.
Detection is achieved by applying a mapping operation to each ion, which results in a coherent transfer of the spectroscopy ion's internal state onto the logic ion, where it is then measured with high efficiency.
Calculation of a Mask matrix, by first taking the difference between the original and processed pixels and generation of a binary image by applying a thresholding operation on the image difference.
By assuming that one image was a reference background image, we obtained a binary background image (BBI) by applying a thresholding operation: BBI A I, B I i, j = 0 background if SI A I, B I i, j > T 1 1 foreground candidate otherwise (4).
The transmorphing process, illustrated in Fig. 5, can be described by the following operations: Calculation of a Mask matrix, by first taking the difference between the original and processed pixels and generation of a binary image by applying a thresholding operation on the image difference.
However, as we will show in Section 2.4, by applying a smoothing operation to both the population distribution estimate and the sample eigenvalue distribution estimate, the relation between the two smoothed distributions is still accurately described by the Marčenko Pastur relation.
Extraction of particle images for projection-matching refinements was performed using Relion 1.3 with an initial box size of 448 pixels and applying a windowing operation in Fourier space to downsize the particles images to yield a final box size of 300 pixels (corresponding to a pixel size of 0.98 Å).
By default, applying a union operation results in a list in which the final k-mer count is the sum of the counts from both initial lists, whereas calculating the intersection results in a default list where the smaller of the two counts is reported.
