Applying a space-time analogy, the signal in the spatial domain is described through replacing time and frequency by spatial location and spatial frequency, respectively.
Two other studies evaluated spatial differences among populations that had experienced divergence in temperature over time and thus represents a more robust case for applying a space-for-time substitution (Skelly and Freidenburg 2000; Freidenburg and Skelly 2004).
To test whether gradual thermal evolution may mitigate these effects at high latitudes, we applied a space-for-time substitution approach using a common-garden warming experiment with replicated populations from low and high latitudes spanning > 1500 km in Europe.
Since we applied a state space representation with the nonlinear system equation in the context of data assimilation, the conditional distributions of the hidden variables can be non-Gaussian distributions.
After applying a sophisticated space-time formatter, we obtain space-time error correcting codewords, to be transmitted.
After accounting for expansions to confined spaces using a cylinder Green's function method, the model is substantially simplified by applying a half-space Green's function for expansions to large spaces.
(3) The dominant systemic confounding contributions elicited by stimulus-evoked cardiovascular responses observed in mouse fMRI when applying block stimuli may be largely avoided by a milder event-related design applying a randomly spaced single pulse train (RSSPT).
However, a certain set of individual performances in terms of MSE or zero-outage rates can be guaranteed at any time by applying an orthogonal space-time block code (OSTBC).
Moreover, when channel state information (CSI) is available at a transmitter (TX), the performance of the MIMO system can be improved further by applying an eigenbeam-space division multiplexing (E-SDM) technique, which is also called eigenmode transmission or singular value decomposition- (SVD-) based technique [1 6].
Applying a line-and-space mask pattern, textured surfaces with periodic regular shapes such as V-grooves are easily obtained.
As those descriptors are too high dimensional to perform fast and robust face recognition in practice, we apply a feature space transformation technique called LPP [23] to achieve a lower dimensional subspace with only little loss of information that is important for identification.
