Applying these examples to our hypothetical scenarios, it is clear that a trial of cerclage versus no cerclage would be smaller in size than a trial of a progesterone treatment versus placebo.
Or when the Los Angeles Fire Department follows hiring practices that have the effect of "no whites need apply". These extreme examples are the inevitable consequence of accepting the un-American notion that individuals should be rewarded or punished by the government based on their ancestry rather than their individuality.
We apply these methods to examples based on actual studies, including the negative binomial distribution for hookworm egg counts, a potential vaccine trial endpoint, and the gamma distribution for concentrations of insecticide on bednets.
The final chapter, "The Rebellion of the Tools", seeks to answer the final Gauguin question, 'where are we going?', by applying these past examples to modern society.
For example, Pinarbasi and Canpolat (2003) found that while undergraduate chemistry students could correctly define terms related to solution chemistry (for example, unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated solutions) on an open-response exam question, only 16.8% could correctly apply these definitions to an example.
We then apply these methods to an example of monocentric lens design, and explore the improvement in system performance obtained through increasing the system volume.
We apply these four approaches to three examples of species interactions in spatially distributed populations and compare their predictions.
His presentation is completed by several examples that apply these technologies to solve real information retrieval problems, and by theoretical discussions on guarantees for ranking performance.
In addition, we apply these two models to real examples, including the identification of escape mutations in HIV-1 in response to specific HLA-mediated immune pressure and the prediction of coevolving residues in an HIV-1 peptide, and find that no one model is best for all applications.
