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In his view, philosophers who apply the method of intuition, simultaneously apply methods of formal logic and dual differentiations; others, who apply the rational method, also use the intuitive method, as well as dual distinctions.
Lawmakers, relevant agencies and regional stakeholders need to apply the rational thinking and cooperation used to combat wild boar to the Asian carp debate.
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But the Supreme Court would in subsequent cases articulate and apply the rational-basis test in a manner that afforded the government's actions an effectively irrebuttable presumption of constitutionality (really, not a true presumption at all).
Beyond that brief summary of the essence of my position, I will not swell the United States Reports with repetition of what I have said before; and applying the rational basis test, I would uphold the Pennsylvania statute in its entirety.
Another problem encountered when applying the rational nexus test is that of over- and under-inclusiveness.
Following its previous decision in Nguyen Tuong Van v. Public Prosecutor (2005), which had applied Ong Ah Chuan, the Court applied the rational nexus test and found that the 15-gram differentia bore a reasonable relation to the social object of the MDA.
Applying the rational-basis standard, we held last Term that New York could exclude aliens from the ranks of its police force.
It is routine for judges applying the rational-basis test to require litigants to negate "every conceivable basis" that might support the government's actions--that requirement comes from a leading rational-basis decision by the highest court in the nation.
Consistent engagement is possible -- we commonly see the hallmarks of engagement in cases involving heightened scrutiny, and we occasionally see it in some cases in which the Court has purported to be applying the rational-basis test--and it is necessary to effective constitutional enforcement.
Here we apply the same rational to derive a functional enviromics algorithm.
The government apparently hoped that Judge Sparks would do what judges all too often do when they apply the so-called "rational-basis test," the default rule in constitutional cases that do not involve rights that the Supreme Court has labeled "fundamental," like speech, religion, voting and privacy.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com