In some masking attacks, an adversary applies some processing techniques uniformly over the watermarked image or some part of it, in order to degrade the watermark, so that the embedded watermark becomes undetectable or unreadable.
This is more practicable in our case, which requires the student to apply some Word processing skills on specific text fragments, where spelling mistakes that can be committed by the students will cause the problem of different contents (strings) and correspond to unmatched patterns.
Therefore, to tackle the problem, we apply some pre-processing techniques to extract only expression specific features from a face image and explore the presentation order of the samples during training.
It is also possible to apply some post-processing techniques, such as smoothing filters, to the removal of those artifacts.
When using data from high-throughput platforms that simultaneously assess many variables for many samples (e.g. next-generation sequencing technologies or phenotype microarrays), it is often necessary to apply some kind of pre-processing to filter for intrinsic noise [ 70, 88].
One way, how to speed up the computation of the singular value decomposition of a given matrix A∈Cm×n,m⩾n, by the parallel two-sided block-Jacobi method, consists of applying some pre-processing steps that would concentrate the Frobenius norm near the diagonal.
We constructed our database by introducing the multi-view concept, whereas the previously released database [29] considered only the side-view, and discussed use of the view as a quality measure; in addition, we applied some pre-processing steps on the feature level and have called this database "MultiQ Score Database version 2".
So it applied some natural language processing and some unique algorithms to determine not only what's trending — not surprisingly, there's a lot of chatter about Paul Ryan and Mitt Romney lately — but relationships between subjects.
In our study, we applied some alternative pre-processing schemes to improve the concurrency of the data sets.
In the first case, energy is applied to accomplish some processing operation on some entity.
Therefore, it would be difficult to successfully apply FIB processing to a bare bismuth nanowire.
