Our panel data traced the records of medical services and LTCI services for the same people over four years and applies the difference-in-difference (DID) method to estimate the effects of the LTCI program on the LoS for those aged 65 years and over before and after the introduction of the LTCI program [ 18, 19].
Using a sample of Chinese companies dual-listed in both China A share market and SEHK (AH shares) as the experimental group and mainland's companies listed on SEHK (H shares) only as the control group, we apply the difference-in-difference (DID) method to investigate the impacts of reporting frequency on stock information quality.
To estimate this outcome we present a novel design where the identification of the causal effect is conducted exploiting a 'treatment at a specific age with pseudo cohorts' and applying the difference-in-difference (DD) technique to pseudo-cohorts of white American women.
When the retraction force is applied, the difference in the stress generated in the PDL of maxillary central incisors with different crown-root angles is at the level of thousandths and it is lower in the model with smaller angle.
When compaction recovery was applied, the difference in paleo-geomorphic thickness was remarkable.
Although once the Bonferroni correction had been applied, the difference in bat passes between control and experimental trials was no longer significant.
After lung volume correction was applied, the difference in CT air trapping between the two acquisitions ranged from −12.6 to 14.9 % for EXP−856, and from −9.5 to 9.5 % for E/I-ratioMLD.
As cancer patients may die of causes other than cancer, the number of avoidable deaths is calculated by applying the difference in relative survival only to the expected number of survivors based on the background mortality, and not to the total number of patients.
This is due to the fact that the content of pores over 0.5 μm is practically the same in SCC and NVC, but for smaller pore sizes, which are therefore only accessed when water under pressure is applied, the differences in porosity between the different samples is more pronounced.
They applied the difference quotient operator δ in the formulas.
The adjustment for pneumonia applies the proportional difference in incidence rates for lower respiratory infections (from all causes) for the Euro-A and EMRO-D substrata (EMRO-D (42,687/351,256 = 0.12) Euro-A (5,649/412,512 = 0.01).
