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In this scheme and model, (a) the sensor takes samples in a periodic manner; (b) a triggering condition is applied to the sampled signal to determine whether a signal is transmitted to the controller or not; and (c) the closed-loop system with a networked state feedback controller is modeled as a time-delay system.
Up to the point of sampling no management operations such as thinning or pruning were applied to the sampled trees.
Here, δ is the sample index, which corresponds to the first sample in the second sample window, and Tsample refers to the sample time in a T-DMB receiver.The coarse frame synchronization method is applied to the sampled data (Figure 5), which is acquired from the T-DMB receiver, to certify the introduced method.
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The oscillation amplitude was set to A = 50 pm, and voltage V was applied to the sample.
A bias of −9.0 V was applied to the sample in order to precisely determine the low kinetic energy cutoff, as discussed in ref. 50.
Different preloading levels were applied to the samples before they were impacted transversely.
Survey weights based on age, gender and education were applied to the sample to match 2016 Census Current Population Survey Data; click here for the survey.
A voltage is then adiabatically applied to the sample at a rate of 0.01 V s−1, well below that of the cell's transient optical effects.
This result was also confirmed via bending and compression tests applied to the samples.
Several treatments were subsequently applied to the samples (hydrothermal aging, sulfur aging and regeneration).
The ultrasonic pulse velocity, changes in weight and compressive strength experiments were applied to the samples.
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