Although packet categorization can be implemented differently in each router, it is important for the provision of services within a network that involves a common understanding of the service level applied to the packets within a flow.
A malicious controller would also be able to define any actions to be applied to the packets, causing the same consequences mentioned in the first problem, allowing theft, injection, or deviation of packets of other virtual networks.
To ensure that this Vandermonde matrix, consisting of the arithmetic shifts operators, when applied to the information packets, results in packets that can be recovered, the packet size has to be increased by at least over the original information packet size by zero padding these packets to the size of [4].
Certain quality degradation (in terms of delay or packet loss) is applied to the filtered packets.
The same principle is also applied to the target packets.
It is shown that there is a trade-off between the amount of improvement in PLR and additional delay applied to the users' packets at the ingress switches buffers.
That importance sampling method consists of applying multiple biases towards the source after the first biased scattering is applied to the photon packets, and using a photon splitting procedure.
We choose the elements in the Vandermonde matrix as in (5) to be, for, where stands for a right arithmetic shift operator by bits applied to the row information packet, represented in bits from now on.
FEC techniques are applied to the original RTP packets of a Single Program MPEG-2 Transport Stream, for generating additional RTP streams of FEC packets that contain the redundant information used by the receiver to reconstruct lost packets.
While monitoring the network, these rules are selected appropriately and applied to the monitored data packets.
