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This formula could be applied to the features, whose value is a set of expressions.
In a second stage, a detection scheme is applied to the features resulting in the final decision.
In the detector, a fixed threshold is applied to the features to make a decision on the presence of speech.
These are compared to the hard-decision tree classifier of Fig. 1 a and [1], applied to the features described in the present paper.
A support vector machine (SVM) with RBF kernel[52] is then applied to the features to distinguish between cover- and stego-audio signals.
The first layer of the proposed DL-ELM is based on a set of SBELM subnetworks which are separately applied to the features on the input layer.
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A Linear Discriminate Analysis (LDA) was also applied to the feature space to reduce feature dimensions to 40.
Two groups of Zernike moments have been extracted from the preprocessed images and applied to the feature selection stage.
And local transformations such as translation, rotation, and scaling in images have been applied to the feature learning algorithms in order to obtain transformation-invariant representations [18].
This combination enumeration is applied to the feature vector itself in approach 1 and to the structure in approach 2. The feature vector must be based on a binary fingerprint where a set bit represents the presence of a feature.
The linear SVM procedure is then applied to the feature vectors in this feature space.
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