Before long, the theory was applied to humans.
If the findings applied to humans, they might mean reversing a disease that had seemed incurable.
Psychological factors, applied to humans and other robots, would include goals, beliefs, feelings, and preferences.
When applied to humans, it means pretty much the same thing as when applied to animals, though some of the powers popularly ascribed to it these days are far-fetched.
The term started being applied to humans with the publication of Frans de Waal's Chimpanzee Politics, which made direct comparisons between human and chimp behaviour, including the dominant behaviour of males.
Implicit is the idea that commercial enterprise is being purchased by the subversion of the natural world, with one set of ethical principles being applied to humans and another to the rest of nature.
"Broad features of this pattern of circadian circuit response to light" may be applied to humans and other mammals," it states.
To check whether their results applied to humans, Dr Elinav and Dr Segal looked at data from an ongoing human nutritional study that both are involved in.
The result was that apple consumption went up in exactly the way that price theory (as applied to humans) would predict.
The scientists called for further research to see if the conclusions applied to humans, and whether therapies that that target intestinal microbes can benefit patients with psychiatric disorders.
Following the principles of genealogy that are applied to humans as much as to other organisms, organisms are classified at a higher level within the groups from which they evolved.
