It has been shown that this circuit model can be interpreted as the random walk model (Doyle and Snell, 1984), but it cannot directly apply on directed edges.
Recognizing the distinction between direct and collateral review, we have applied different standards on habeas than would be applied on direct review with respect to matters other than harmless-error analysis.
In light of these considerations, we must decide whether the same harmless-error standard that the state courts applied on direct review of petitioner's Doyle claim also applies in this habeas proceeding.
By adopting the same standard of review for § 2255 motions as would be applied on direct appeal, the Court of Appeals accorded no significance whatever to the existence of a final judgment perfected by appeal.
The Court justifies its decision by asserting that "collateral review is different than direct review," ante, at ____, and that "we have applied different standards on habeas than would be applied on direct review with respect to matters other than harmless-error analysis". Id., at 1720.
For the past two and one-half decades, the Supreme Court and the lower federal courts have applied the same rule for assessing the harmlessness of constitutional error in habeas corpus proceedings as they have applied on direct appeal of both state and federal convictions.
Open image in new window Fig. 4 Flow sheet of simple bottoms flashing system applied on direct sequence system.
This mode of blood purification is principally applied on direct hemoperfusion therapy.
On the other hand, metabolomics applied on direct patient samples may reveal metabolites generated during infection of the host, which can provide insights on the diagnosis, pathogenesis and host pathogen interactions.
Sensitivity and positive predictive values were generally higher (95.3%...97.4%) for detection of resistant strains whereas specificity and negative predictive values were higher (96.6%...97.4%) for detection of sensitive strains indicating that the molecular assay tends to overestimate resistance when applied on direct sputum specimens.
