By analyzing the available literature on carbon nanomaterial-plant interactions, it can be concluded that the concentration of applied fullerenes, nanotubes, graphene and their derivatives is highly variable, ranging from the lowest applied concentration of 0.001 mg fullerenes L−1 [142] to the highest of 5000 mg carbon nanotubes L−1 [125].
The relationship between applied concentration of the complementary strand and the resulting density of bioactive strands on the surface is shown in Supplementary Fig. 2d.
Only at the highest concentration used (10 EU/ml) did the EndoZyme assay detect LPS, but the detected values were between 0.5% and 5% of the applied concentration.
This is quite a good biography, very solidly researched and sensibly thorough - more than once I reflected that Jarman himself would never have been capable of such a sustained piece of applied concentration.
On the contrary, the abundance of amoA AOA strongly decreased regardless of the applied concentration after 90 d (Fig. 2b, 1 mg kg−1: −53%, P < 0.001; 500 mg kg−1: −60%, P < 0.001).
It was proven that the usually applied concentration measurements in the bulk phase are not sufficient to draw mechanistic conclusions.
The sensor showed cross sensitivity towards propionate and butyrate that can be described as a baseline sum signal (0.040 ± 0.008 mA cm−2) irrespective of the applied concentration.
We show that the induced electric field coming from the applied concentration gradient is weakened by the movement of H+ and OH−.
In an aqueous KCl solution, if that coefficient is sufficiently large, the particle always moves towards the opposite direction as that of the applied concentration gradient, regardless of the pH level, an interesting observation which has not been reported previously.
Hence, maximum applied concentration of substrate and minimum of MgSO4 resulted in maximum response.
In general, the injection volume is directly linked to the applied concentration.
