Models embody information, knowledge, knowhow, and applications themselves.
At the same time, there are large changes in prospect in the applications themselves.
"The E.P.O. has of late taken a more restrictive approach, issuing patents to software applications themselves," Mr. Bolkestein said.
Facebook does not allow developers to advertise on users' profile pages, where the applications themselves are imbedded.
The next one is whether companies should host applications themselves or outsource them to a service provider.
Christian Reilly: So I think at the heart of that is the change in landscape of applications themselves.
But the department does not give the public access to a list of all pending applications or to the applications themselves.
The thinking behind the initiative, Google said, is that as cellphones increasingly become the computers that people rely on most, users should be able to make applications themselves.
Among the incentives for application developers, Mr. Rubin said, are making it easier to accept payments within the applications themselves or to sell subscriptions.
But when it comes to 4, 8, or 16 cores, the applications themselves need to be modified to garner more performance.
The developments in protocolshave created an increasing disconnection between the applications themselves and the protocols that operate at the lower layers.
