In most applications, the assumption that the particles are of a regular shape, i.e. spherical, cylindrical, or flat slab, is made to simplify the solution of model equations.
It is, however, difficult to determine a priori if the uncertainty is small, and in many biological applications the assumption of small perturbations either is questionable (for example in pharmacokinetics [ 1]) or has been shown to be wrong [ 13, 14].
For many record linkage applications, the assumption of conditional independence for field agreement is often violated and ignoring the conditional dependence may lead to a suboptimal record matching accuracy.
United, which based its original loan guarantee application on the assumption that a barrel of oil would cost about $25, instead was facing prices of $42 a barrel.
We performed a further subanalysis where we only considered the outcome within the last 4 weeks of tDCS, which was compared to the baseline diary of the month preceding tDCS application, on the assumption that the clinical effect would improve with the repetition of tDCS sessions.
In these applications the assumptions regarding explosion efficiency and charge strength selections have been calibrated against the results obtained through the CFD modelling, by obtaining a match of the explosion over-pressures.
In psychological applications, the assumptions tend to be justified only partially [ 53] and models with alternative assumptions are often not considered [ 54].
In practical applications, the assumptions and constraints of linear regression such as sufficient data across the entire value range, or homoscedasticity, can easily be violated for small units.
However, in a typical waste acid recovery application, the above assumption may be too rich in acetic acid.
In this study the economic assessment under different ORC configurations has been investigated for working fluids for different applications with the assumption that the net power output remains constant.
