Based on personal communication with UNICEF (J. Bevan, personal communication, June 1 , 2012 (T. Dooley, personal communication, June 11 , 2012, these countries are in the process of scaling up the application of total sanitation approaches as a means of reducing OD prevalence.
The outputs as listed in the framework are: a) facilitating provincial and district governments' participation; b) application of participatory sanitation approaches in selected communities; c) communities achieving and sustaining Open Defecation Free (ODF) environment; d) strengthening markets for safer sanitation; and e) reduction in water-borne diseases.
But even these fairly modest applications of public sanitation far exceeded those of previous cultures and would not be equaled until the 19th century.
The DSS addresses several deficiencies encountered in the provision of sanitation in emergencies including: the application of standard practices and intuition, the omission of site specific conditions, the limited knowledge exhibited by emergency planners, and the provision of sanitation focused exclusively on the collection step (i.e., just the provision of toilets).
Applications may include the provision of municipal/industrial wastewater treatment in remote areas without sewerage, and the provision of sanitation services under challenging site-specific conditions such as after the occurrence of a human-made or a natural disaster.
Research Interests: Design, analysis and application of remediation, waste-to-energy and decentralized sanitation processes, including novel reactors and processes for air, water and solid wastes treatment.
Dr. Deshusses' research interests are related to the design, analysis and application of remediation, waste to energy and decentralized sanitation processes.
Design, analysis and application of remediation, waste-to-energy and decentralized sanitation processes, including novel reactors and processes for air, water and solid wastes treatment.
The chief of sanitation, Richard Kavuma.
