In applications of modern engineering materials, it is often necessary to combine two or more different materials/phases to make a composite, creating inevitably interfaces that must sustain mechanical loads and environmental attacks without failure.
Non-deterministic system inputs modelled by both imprecise random and interval fields have been incorporated, so the applicability of the structural reliability analysis scheme can be further promoted to satisfy the intricate demand of modern engineering application.
Reinforced concrete shell structures have been widely used in a variety of modern engineering applications.
Contact conditions arise in a number of modern engineering applications ranging from structural and geotechnical engineering to micro and nanotechnology.
Though it is mainly perceived as a method used for implementation of Boolean functions into FPGA-based architectures, it has found applications in many other fields of modern engineering and science.
A better understanding and more predictive tools of the latter process are critical for a number of modern engineering applications, ranging from the optimization of loss free and compact thermal storage plants up to more efficient separation processes.
We then discuss the application of modern antibody engineering technologies to produce highly potent antibody preparations, including oligoclonal antibody cocktails and truly recombinant polyclonal antibodies.
The application of modern protein engineering techniques, such as directed evolution, has enabled the optimization of their properties to fit pre-defined process parameters (Luetz et al. 2008; Turner 2009).
For its application in modern engineering design this approach requires a realistic modeling of the complex phenomena associated with the two-phase flow heat transfer.
Recently, the application of modern bioengineering and biochemical engineering technologies, including gene transformation and manipulation systems, resulted in the development of systems to express vaccine antigens in transgenic plants and nanogels, which will usher in a new era of delivery systems for mucosal vaccine antigens.
