So when the home secretary says the application of her discretion in this regard would be limited, head for the cutlery draw, count the spoons.
The application of prosecutorial discretion to deportation cases didn't begin with Obama.
If at least 10.9 million undocumented immigrants will remain in the United States this year no matter what, then offering deferral to the 4 million undocumented immigrants who are the lowest priority for deportation seems like a straightforward application of prosecutorial discretion, albeit on a larger scale than usual.
Prior to 1988, the Singapore case of Lee Mau Seng v. Minister for Home Affairs (1971) was authority for the application of the subjective discretion test for judicial review of executive power exercised under the ISA.
Conversely, it is essentially rooted in the researcher's exercise of discretion and application of judgment, which cannot be categorised resorting to expert judgment.
Here's an excerpt: "The denial of his application was an unjustifiable exercise of discretion that shocks the judicial conscience, given that it will deprive [Mr. Delakas] of the business that he has painstakingly built up over a period of more than 20 years".
Last month, Homeland Security officials, seeking to speed deportation of convicted criminals, said they would begin a review of all deportation cases in the immigration courts and begin training enforcement agents and government lawyers in the application of the new prosecutorial discretion guidelines.
Conversely, it points to the exercise of discretion and the application of judgment as an alienable attribute of the human agent, which forces us to stand "in the openness" (Hansen and Amundson 2009).
In a way we may argue that, if we re-locate responsibility in the exercise of discretion and the application of judgment, which in turn is rooted in one's own engagement with research and his/her character, we may broaden the spectrum of, say, RRI sensitive issues so as to involve all forms of science and types of research.
However, it is only the exercise of discretion and the application of human judgment in specific situations as they arise using one's own sagacity that allows researchers along with other parties involved to take the responsibility for what they are doing.
Concerning the police, who have special powers in regard to protecting life, liberty and personal security, rigorous mechanisms are required to eliminate racial discrimination - direct or indirect - in the application of police powers, resources and discretion.
