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One application for laccase is hair coloring.
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Because of their low substrate specificity, industrial applications for laccases include delignification [ 15], the purification of colored waste water [ 16], textile dye decoloration [ 17], beverage and food treatment [ 18], the sulfurization and solublization of coal to their use in enzyme-based biosensors [ 19], and the transformation and inactivation of toxic environmental pollutants [ 20].
Important prerequisites for application of laccases in bioremediation for example in wastewater treatment are besides their sufficient availability, high stability at pH 7 or higher and the ability of degrading micropollutants including pharmaceuticals under neutral or slightly alkaline conditions even without adding redox mediators.
For this reason, there has been increasing the interest in the application of laccases for the coloration of textiles by means of the formation of colored compounds.
However, the application of laccase in free form (in solution) for the treatment of EDCs and azo dyes is not economically viable owing to poor operational stability and lack of reusability.
Furthermore, it was designed a two-stage bioreactor for the application of laccase-mediated reactions, preventing the biocatalyst from inactivation.
One of the prerequisites for the industrial application of laccases is their sufficient availability.
Special focus is given to the application of laccases to the emerging cellulosic biofuel industry.
The usage of these mediators explores wide biotechnological applications of laccase (Rico et al. 2014).
Fig. 3 Applications of laccase in various industrial and biotechnological sectors.
It catalyzes the ortho-hydroxylation of phenols and has potential applications in the same areas as for laccase.
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