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Messages routed through its servers have tiny graphic files appended before being sent on.
The signals are time-reversal space-time encoded and CP and CS are appended before transmission.
In order to know the frame boundary, LFM signals are appended before the data sequence before being transmitted into the channel.
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For encryption, a color image is divided into three channels, i.e., red, green and blue, and thereafter these components are appended by redundant data before being sent to the encryption scheme.
Both Futterman and Slezak approved of the harmonies in "I'm Still Standing", though Futterman thought the number felt "more subdued than we'd expect", and Slezak wrote that "the song choice was a little bit of a groaner" before he appended a "B" grade.
A more realistic model is where GluRS(C) was appended to GluRS(N) before bacterial phylum-divergence but because the acquired GluRS(C) was non-functional, it was lost and regained several times, probably via intra-bacterial HGT, before becoming functionally compatible with GluRS(N) in a synchronous way [ 26, 27].
A service field and a tail field are appended to the A-MPDU before being processed by the PHY layer.
Since Rabin's decryption produces three false results in addition to the correct plain text, a prespecified redundancy, a bit string, is appended to the plain text before encryption for ambiguity resolution.
The encoding process is described in [19] where the first k bits of the uncoded word is flipped in order to ensure the resulting codedword is "balanced," whereafter the position k is appended to the balanced codeword before transmission.
The deletion of exon 11 in Kcnt1 causes a frame-shift and the predicted residual protein is Slo2.2(1–252) with an appended 26 amino acid peptide before the first stop codon.
Thus, the cyclic prefix appended to the block s ~ before transmission must have a length LCP of at least L h ~ - 1, resulting in s ~ CP of length N + LCP.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com