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We used constant level appearance techniques.
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After the images are stored, users can print them or alter the appearance with techniques like color manipulation, Mr. O'Hagan said.
The exhibition, titled "Fact/Fiction: Contemporary Art That Walks the Line," presents 82 works that embrace the appearance and techniques of realism, yet delight in exposing realism as just another deception.
One can also include tracking approaches in the appearance-based techniques since they are based on head appearance to estimate poses in addition to temporal continuity and smooth motion of the heads in the video sequence.
Verification of hypotheses is usually addressed through model-based or appearance-based techniques.
The major part of the appearance-based techniques presented above is applied on features that verify the pose similarity assumption.
However, when using a robust and efficient head pose descriptor, the appearance-based techniques become invariant to identity and lighting.
Appearance-based techniques work under the assumption that the 3D face pose and some properties of the 2D facial image are linked by a certain relationship [20].
Appearance-based techniques, in contrast, involve a training stage in which features are extracted from a set of positive and negative samples to design a classifier.
Model-based approaches use a face geometrical model usually obtained from facial features, whereas appearance-based techniques use the whole face image characterized by a descriptor and generally consider the pose estimation as a classification problem.
From literature, it is obvious that appearance-based techniques are more adapted to our purpose since they respect the requirement (R3) when the descriptor used to construct the feature vector is chosen carefully.
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