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Now, at last, comes some excellent news: the appearance of "Escape Velocity: A Charles Portis Miscellany," a collection of short fiction, reportage, memoir and more from the author of the novels "True Grit," "Norwood" and, my favorite, "The Dog of the South".
One can see that due to the faster appearance of escape variants, a higher level of genetic diversity is achieved in virus populations with recombination.
In order to assess a general impact of recombination on the evolution of escape in HIV, we measured the mean time of appearance of escape mutations during infection.
The median (IQR) appearance of reverse mutations that reached completeness was 54 (30 78) days p/s, whereas the median appearance of escape mutations that became complete later was 90 (44–196) days p/s (p = 0.006).
For the de novo mutations, appearance of reverse mutations that reached dominance (median of 113 days) occurred significantly earlier than appearance of escape mutations from the wild type (median of 174 days, p = 0.041).
In contrast, for the pre-existing mutations, the appearance of reverse mutations that reached dominance (median of 52 days) occurred slightly later than appearance of escape mutations from the wild type (median of 44 days) but did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.072).
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Although escape mutants have been associated with persistence of serum HBV DNA after acute hepatitis B, the appearance of an escape mutant is uncommon in acute hepatitis B. In a previous study, variants in the S region were detected in 2 of 14 children who received prophylactic treatment [ 10].
A selective advantage of k per day is roughly equivalent to a time to fixation (from initial appearance of the escape variant) of about 9/k i.e. a variant with a selective advantage of 0.01 day−1 takes approximately 900 days to replace the wild type population.
Therefore, the hypothesis that RV field strains are subjected to immune pressure from the immune population, resulting in the appearance of RV escape mutants that are not compatible with the vaccine strains SAD B19 and SAD Bern, is not supported by the data.
Nevertheless, a search for evidence of the appearance of neutralisation-escape mutants proved negative.
The results are presented in Fig. 3 where panel A shows the average times of appearance of successive E escape mutants and panel B shows the average times of appearance of successive EC escape mutants (see Methods and Fig. 1C for an explanation of E and EC escape mutants).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com