Sentence examples for appearance of adaptive from inspiring English sources

Also note, the type 1 apoptotic pathway, which induces fast deterministic activation under strong apoptotic stimuli, first appeared in vertebrates concurrent with the first appearance of adaptive immunity.

Since the appearance of adaptive immunity in the lungs play a seminal role in imparting protection against M. tb, it was imperative to monitor the local immunity as well.

The multiplicity of TNFRSF representatives has been suggested to arise from multiple rounds of duplications in concert with the appearance of adaptive immunity in evolution[ 27].

Therefore, we can assume that the appearance of β2-m in vertebrates is coincident with the appearance of adaptive immunity and the expression of MHCI and related molecules.

Thus, the basic set of chemokines for vertebrate species may have been established early in the gnathostome lineage, in parallel with the appearance of adaptive immunity.

During evolution, a bona fide MHC region first appeared with the jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) and correlates with the appearance of an adaptive immune system [ 2].

In such a scenario, the increment or de novo appearance of cellular adaptive immune responses against HIV Env or to recall antigens suggests that restoration of key immune parameters takes place upon Tat immunization.

Transgressive hybrid effects have been shown to account for the appearance of certain adaptive characteristics that may even drive hybrid speciation (Rieseberg, Widmer, et al. 2003).

The formation of lymphoid follicles defines the appearance of an adaptive immune response [ 24], and the colocalisation of lymphocytes and mature dendritic cells in one site suggests that these cells are functionally communicating [ 25].

Given what may be a relatively high rate of paralog generation, even very rare events such as the appearance of an adaptive frameshift mutation will occur at low frequency.

Conceivably, this may even have allowed the diploid organisms to "lower their guard", i.e. to reduce the fidelity of the replication of their DNA, and favour mechanisms of recombination [ 32], thereby favouring the appearance of novel adaptive mutations, helping them in particular to combat pathogens more efficiently, or to adapt to new environments.