Networks appear in many fields, from finance to medicine, engineering, biology and social science.
Stochastic convolution integrals appear in many fields of stochastic analysis.
Variational inequality problems in finite-dimensional and infinite-dimensional spaces appear in many fields of applied mathematics such as convex programming, nonlinear equations, equilibrium models in economics, and engineering (see [1 3]).
Telegraph equations appear in many fields such as modeling of an anomalous diffusion, a wave propagation phenomenon, sub-diffusive systems or modeling of a pulsate blood flow in arteries (see e.g. [31, 32]).
Such problems appear in many fields of physics (e.g., in hydrodynamics, elasticity or plasticity), more specifically, when describing or analyzing the steady state filtration (see, for example, [1, 7 9] and the references cited therein) and the problem of finding the equilibrium of soft shells (see, for example, [1, 7, 10 12] and the references cited therein).
Fractional calculus has found numerous miscellaneous applications connected with real world problems as they appear in many fields of science and engineering, including fluid flow, signal and image processing, fractal theory, control theory, electromagnetic theory, fitting of experimental data, optics, potential theory, biology, chemistry, diffusion, and viscoelasticity.
Breeches (upper stocks) appear in many forms.
The cyclic object frequently appears in many fields of medical research and engineering.
Inequality (1.1) appears in many fields, such as fluid mechanics, biological species, and population dynamics, see [1 3].
The theory of nonlinear difference equations has been widely used to study discrete models appearing in many fields such as computer science, economics, neural network, ecology, and cybernetics; see, for example, [1].
The theory of nonlinear discrete systems has widely been used to study discrete models appearing in many fields such as electrical circuit analysis, matrix theory, control theory, discrete variational theory, etc., see for example [1, 2].
