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Even though a company's culture may not appear harmful, if elements of the culture increase the appeal of risk-taking behavior, this fact ought to be considered.
Confounding can lead to major errors in effect size estimates, making a safe treatment (OR for mortality = 1.0) appear harmful, and a beneficial treatment (OR for mortality <1.0) appear ineffective or harmful.
The bias is not necessarily toward the null (i.e., which would tend to mask an association) and can sometimes reverse the direction of association (i.e., making harmful exposures appear protective or protective exposures appear harmful) [ 10].
While cognitive rehabilitation does not appear harmful, weak evidence exists to support the use of cognitive-specific interventions to improve spatial neglect, disability, memory and functional status of older adults who experience stroke.
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While the combination of prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation resulting in a small for gestational age phenotype appears to be associated with the most marked impairments in vascular structure and function, the small for gestational age phenotype, followed by a rapid "catch-up" growth also appears harmful.
Therefore, if the government aims to safeguard grain self-sufficiency by increasing grain import tariffs, it appears harmful to the goal of e national food security.
In an effort to avoid unnecessary RBC transfusion, intensivists have defined haemoglobin thresholds above which transfusion appears harmful [ 7- 9].
On the one hand, fluid overload appears harmful overall, and to the kidney in particular; on the other hand, goal-directed FR reduces mortality, morbidity and renal dysfunction.
Likewise, most of the other experimental studies in gram negative sepsis, showed that prophylactic rhG-CSF administration reduced endotoxemia and serum TNF-α levels and also improved cardiac function and survival, whereas therapeutic rhG-CSF (i.e. administered after the onset of infection) did not improve outcome and at very high dosages appeared harmful [ 25, 26].
However, the Enemy Release Hypothesis failed to explain abundance patterns – natural enemies appeared equally harmful to the species in the native and introduced ranges (Table 1).
Any obsession, regardless of how it appears, is harmful if it's negatively affecting your life.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com