The export apparatus is located at the bottom of the MS ring.
The export apparatus is located at the bottom of the MS ring and is composed of six membrane proteins (FlhA, FlhB, FliP, FliQ, FliR, and FliO) and three soluble proteins (FliI, FliH, and FliJ) in the cytoplasm.
Organelles of the secretory compartment (ER and Golgi apparatus) are located at the apical pole of the cells (see the ApoB distribution in the three-dimensional reconstruction on Supplementary Figure S1).
The design is based on the well-known apparatus located in Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
At optimal concentrations, the mixture induced larval orientation to roots where larvae were able to perforate plant tissue and to attach on by the spiracular apparatus located in the respiratory siphon [40].
Inner hair cells, in addition, have synaptic apparatus that is located at it basal pole (Glowatzki et al., 2008).
Similarly, Dd1591_1903 and Dd1591_1902 (encoding a HrpE/YscL family type III secretion apparatus protein) are located at the upstream in D. chrysanthemi Ech1591, and in D. dadantii 3937, three ORFs encoding two hypothetical proteins and a membrane-bound lytic murein transglycosylase MltB, respectively are located at the upstream.
Given the very fast kinetics of 2-step release, where docking and release occur within ∼2 ms, it seems likely that SVs are already engaged with the release apparatus when they are located at the replacement site.
As both proteins are somewhat similar in sequence to syntaxin 16 (see Additional file 2), which is a Golgi syntaxin, and as the Golgi apparatus is known to be located at the anterior part of the cell in kinetoplastids, we performed co-localisation studies with an antibody raised against T. brucei Rab1, a characterised kinetoplastid Golgi apparatus marker [ 44].
