The optic foramen, the opening through which the optic nerve runs back into the brain and the large ophthalmic artery enters the orbit, is at the nasal side of the apex; the superior orbital fissure is a larger hole through which pass large veins and nerves.
The inclination of the acetabular component was measured using the angle between a line joining the ischial tuberosities and a line crossing the long axis of the acetabular component, determined by means of the axis of the major diameter that is formed by the apex of superior and inferior edges of the acetabular component on the radiograph [ 13].
Femoral implant landmarks (antero-superior apex, distal peak, and postero-superior corner) and tibial implant landmarks (anterior-inferior corner, medial-inferior border, and posterior-inferior corner) were used.
The displacement pattern seen for whole of the craniofacial region is pyramidal in shape with the base in the inferior region and the apex at the superior region.
16 Peripheral ACDs were defined as the distance from the posterior surface of the corneal endothelium to the anterior iris surface 4 mm away from the corneal apex in the superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants.
For example, Millodot et al. [ 27] described how they diagnosed KC with a combination of topographic pattern, dioptric power of the corneal apex, and inferior-superior asymmetry to determine normal KC suspect and definite KC.
For each sample, 1 cube was made from plane 1, and 5 cubes were made from plane 2. These cubes corresponded to positions 5 (apex) and 10 (antero-superior), 12 (postero-superior), 14 (central), 16 (antero-inferior) and 18 (postero-inferior).
The apex rests on the superior surface of the urogenital diaphragm and contacts the medial surface of the levator ani muscles.
The superior tip-apex distance in the IN group did tend to reduce the reoperation rate in the multivariate analysis, but we believe that using the guide system for the IN reduces the tip-apex distance, especially in the lateral radiographs.
Two curvilinear miniplates with 1.5 mm thick Synthes (Zuchwil, Switzerland) were placed in the lateral nasal walls of the maxilla on both sides of the aperture piriformis, superior to the apex of the canines on both sides.
