The authors speculated the compelling possibility that the role of E6-AP in the mouse mammary gland tumorigenesis may depend on its E3-ligase activity, involve the turnover of ER and PR, and play an important role in the acquisition of hormone independency.
In a recent study, ninein expression was shown to be required to maintain self-renewal of APs in the mouse (Wang et al., 2009).
Establishment of the anterior-posterior (AP) axis in the mouse embryo is crucial for proper induction of the germ layers.
In a series of embryo culture experiments in different environmental conditions we show here that the AP axis in the mouse embryo can be specified in the absence of embryo-maternal interaction and without any external constraint.
Consistent with this role, previous studies showed that LGN is important for normal cleavage plane and symmetric AP divisions in the mouse (Konno et al., 2008; Shitamukai et al., 2011) and the chick (Morin et al., 2007; Peyre et al., 2011), but how LGN achieved this was unknown.
There is growing experimental evidence of the role of intracellular Ca2+ in modulating pacemaking APs of the mouse SAN (57, 62) via INaCa, which contributes to the diastolic depolarization phase of the AP (9, 84).
In the present study, continuous recording of epicardial and endocardial APs in the isolated mouse heart enabled us to monitor changes in transmural gradients of repolarization throughout the duration of experiments and to correlate these changes with an altered arrhythmic tendency.
Despite these variations, AP-PCP is remarkably conserved in the mouse skin and the node (Antic et al., 2010; Borovina et al., 2010; Devenport and Fuchs, 2008; Hashimoto et al., 2010), the ascidian notochord (Jiang et al., 2005) and the chick neural plate (Nishimura et al., 2012).
In mammals, the proportion of neurogenic divisions of APs increases throughout embryonic neurogenesis, which in the mouse goes from around E10 to E17.
This lack of decrease in AP in the light periods in Alk1 +/− mice is reminiscent of 'non-dipper' hypertension in humans.
TCPTP expression was increased at the protein and messenger RNA levels in the early phase of AP in mice and rats.
