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Enlarged apical cell profiles have also been observed in the row of cells on either side of the insect AP compartment boundary, where they are associated with increased actomyosin-dependent intercellular surface tension along the boundary (Landsberg et al., 2009).
Classic clonal analysis of the anteroposterior (AP) compartment boundary in the developing Drosophila wing epithelium first showed that segmental interfaces are lineage restrictions (Garcia-Bellido et al., 1973; Morata and Lawrence, 1975).
Next, cells were incubated for 72 h with different concentrations of T-2 (0 100 ng/ml) or DON (0 10 μg/ml), during which the last 24 h a non-cytotoxic concentration of both paromomycin (30 μg/ml) and doxycycline (10 μg/ml) was added to the apical (AP) compartment of the transwell.
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Expression of dpn in the dorsal compartment (ap-Gal4/+; UAS- dpn) caused an enlargement of the dorsal hinge of third instar wing discs and adult flies (Fig. 3B,B′; supplementary material Fig. S3).
First, the presence of Ap in the ventral compartment at sufficiently high levels impedes the activation of the signaling cascade that induces Wg expression along the D−V compartment boundary.
It has been shown that activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor by its ligand Vein is necessary and sufficient to activate the expression of ap in the dorsal compartment of the wing disc (Zecca and Struhl 2002a, b).
In summary, these results are consistent with the adult wing phenotypes and provide an explanation for the abnormalities in the posterior wing margin as well as for the reduced size of the posterior compartment in ap blot flies raised at elevated temperature.
Further evidence supporting a role for AP-1 in endosome-to-TGN trafficking comes from the finding that endocytosed anti-CIMPR remains in a peripheral compartment in AP-1 knocksideways cells but moves to a juxtanuclear compartment in controls [ 2].
Naundorf et al. plotted the AP onset rapidness versus AP onset span and stated that single compartment Hodgkin-Huxley models could not fit these parameters.
Expressing Vha44 in the ap or nubbin (nub) compartments, encompassing most of the wing disc or wing pouch, respectively, led to overgrowth even in the absence of p35, as shown by the increased size of the compartments and the protruding bulges at the wing disc edges (Fig. 2F,G; supplementary material Fig. S1C).
The embryonic hindbrain is divided along its antero-posterior (AP) axis to several compartments, named rhombomeres (r), each displays a unique molecular signature that underlies the formation of several neuronal and cranial tissues (Lumsden and Keynes, 1989; Lumsden and Krumlauf, 1996).
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