There is a further distinction to be made, between those expectation theorists that hold that a promisee must have experienced a tangible harm as the result of a broken promise for a wrong to have been committed, and those who hold that the mere disappointment is sufficient.
We acknowledge that the degree to which the research uses described in Table 2 represent a tangible harm to individual research subjects and/or communities is subject to interpretation and disagreement.
Nothing in the district court's findings of fact and conclusions of law suggests that any other party will suffer immediate, tangible harm if the relief in these actions is stayed pending appeal.
Using privately-shared intimate images in order to shame and humiliate ex-partners is harassment and it causes tangible harm.
"Alexey is causing tangible harm to corrupt, criminal, crooked officials who are not used to people standing in their way," the Internet entrepreneur and opposition blogger Anton Nossik said.
That such prejudices are still prevalent and that they have caused serious and tangible harm to countless members of the class New Jersey seeks to protect are established matters of fact that neither the Boy Scouts nor the court disputes.
Eugene Volokh, a professor at the UCLA School of Law, puts it this way: "Scientists should generally have the freedom to experiment, people should generally have the freedom to have important life-saving technologies, and parents should generally have the freedom to make their children's lives better, unless [cloning is shown to] cause serious, tangible harm".
In December, Judge Shipp had denied the state's claim that the leagues and the N.C.A.A. lacked standing to bring the suit because they could not demonstrate tangible harm to their products if sports betting were to be allowed in the state.
Lasker listened more sympathetically when ABC outlined what, in terms of "the equities," as lawyers say, was the heart of its case: that while the Pythons would be damaged only in what Fried called "their own imagined way" if the program went ahead as planned, ABC would suffer tangible harm if the injunction was granted.
It allows the F.B.I. to obtain "any tangible things" — like business records about customers.
