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The ultimate fate of any such mutation is either extinction, where it disappears completely from the gene pool, or fixation, where it replaces all other variants in the gene pool.
Any such mutation event, we call a "potential TFBS creation event".
However, the probability that any such mutation amounts to any more than an ephemeral spark of evolution is dependent on a number of factors, not least of which will be any selective advantage such a mutation may gain through an ability to overcome resistances within the host population.
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It is possible that one or more of the key genes have subtle sequence changes that render them inactive, but we have not observed any such mutations.
All the patients included in this study were tested for known PD-related mutations and none of the patients with idiopathic PD were found to have any such mutations.
So far, we have not detected PGRN mutation in any of these 16 patients, nor have we found any such mutations in a further 25 clinically confirmed living patients with SD (most of whom can be presumed to have type 2 histology) (Pickering-Brown, unpublished data), suggesting PGRN mutations are unlikely to underpin this form of UBQ pathology.
We have so far been unable to detect PGRN mutation in any of the present 6 clinically and pathologically confirmed cases of FTD + MND, nor have we found any such mutations in a further 22 clinically confirmed living patients with FTD + MND and presumed type 3 histology (Pickering-Brown, unpublished data).
We compared the activity changes for the five variants with mutations near the binding pocket to those for the 29 variants without any such mutations, computing the magnitude of activity change as the absolute value of the logarithm (base two) of the fold change in activity averaged over all six substrates.
Therefore, we carried out site-directed mutagenesis of these residues to see if any of such mutations have a stabilizing effect on the fusion proteins.
If this reasoning applies for any two such mutations at > 50%, then it applies to all such mutations en bloc.
By contrast, MG makes no contacts with these residues, and thus, the binding of this aromatic monovalent cation to QacR would be predicted to be altered little, if any, by such mutations (8).
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