Interestingly, the prevalence of any sphincter laceration in the American dataset was equal to that in the present study despite the huge difference in cesarean section rates (43.8 compared to 16.4%) [ 11].
There were no statistically significant differences for any degree of perineal lacerations.
Perineal lacerations of any grade were found in 508/1937 women (26.2 %), with an incidence of 1.0%% of severe perineal lacerations (19/1937).
During the dissection structures also were inspected for any complications, such as lacerations or penetrations of the tracheal wall, fractures to the trachea, cricoid, or thyroid cartilages.
Table 1 lists basic patient characteristics and other possible risk factors for perineal lacerations of any grade, including age, ethnicity, gestational age at delivery, parity, use of epidural anesthesia, duration of the second stage of labor, mediolateral episiotomy, the final position for delivery, birth weight, the child's head circumference as well as the midwife who delivered the child.
Midwives at the PHC were trained to treat PPH with uterotonics and IV fluids, repair first- and second-degree perineal lacerations, and refer any patient with estimated blood loss > 500 mL to the RH.
The difference in absolute risk of having any anal sphincter laceration during delivery between normal weight women and morbidly obese women was 6.6 versus 6.0% and comparable figures for total anal sphincter injury was 1.3 versus 0.7%.
Spores of Clostridium are distributed widely in nature, especially in soil, and may enter the body through any wound, even a superficial abrasion; puncture wounds and deep lacerations are particularly dangerous because they provide the oxygen-free environment needed for growth of the microorganism.
Any type of injury was included as traumatic (e.g., lacerations, abrasions, strains, sprains).
Participants were also asked to describe any nonfall-related injuries they received, eg, burns, fractures, contusions, sprains, lacerations, or motor vehicle-related injuries.
