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First (AṣS 29.20 ff)., he says some nihilistic thinkers (eke) are the Laukāyatika (the followers of Lokāyata, the materialist school), who do not admit any instrument of knowledge which would could go beyond the perceptible world, i.e., they accept perception as the only cognitive criterion.
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Understanding seems to be a prerequisite to the full experience of art, and this has suggested to many critics and philosophers that art is not so much an object of sensory experience as an instrument of knowledge.
When I ask why the book is there, Navarro immediately turns to a page with a quote highlighted in yellow: "Rubén Darío, like all the other great poets, considered women to be not only an instrument of knowledge but knowledge itself.
Design consequently takes on an important value as an instrument of knowledge.
In some respects, this characterization of perception as an "ascertainment" of the intellect neatly captures the idea that perception, being an instrument of knowledge, is the primary means of knowledge.
It therefore appears clear that design can be the instrument of knowledge able to cope with both the formal character and the informal one of the city.
Akalaṅka clearly has in mind a typical materialist philosopher who rejects the idea of omniscience, but at the same time accepts perception (pratyakṣa) as the only valid instrument of knowledge, while rejecting the validity of inference (anumāna).
He himself refers to a treatise entitled Lakṣaṇa-sāra ('The Quintessence of the Definition [of Cognitive Criteria (pramāṇa)]') on one occasion, while refuting the usage of the term 'non-verbal' (avyapadeśya) in the definition of the cognitive criterion (pramāṇa, or 'veridical instrument of knowledge') of the Nyāya school.
To know that we have to have reliable instruments of knowledge (cognitive criteria) and criteria of validity at our disposal.
And besides natural languages, also mathematics and even music were sometimes understood to be instruments of knowledge (Condillac 1746; Coseriu 2003; Ecco 1995).
At the outset of his work (TUS 1), he points out the major deficiency of our knowledge: 'To establish cognitive criteria (pramāṇa, instruments of knowledge) depends on proper definitions.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com