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Taken together, these data demonstrate that rAAV-coated 96-well plates can be used for RI, and that the rAAVs had not lost any infectivity when stored at 37°C for at least 24 h.
Ikeda et al. (2002) were also unable to detect any infectivity in the supernatant of their full-genome replicon cells.
Furthermore, new DI RNA is likely to be present as A/Cal DI particles as little, if any, of the A/PR8 genomic RNA survives the UV irradiation which is given specifically to destroy any infectivity present (see Methods).
One of the 15 non-vaccinated controls was enrolled as an extra volunteer to replace any infectivity control drop-outs, one was enrolled as a source of malaria-naïve peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for cohort 4 (immunological control) and 13 were enrolled as infectivity controls or as both infectivity controls and immunological controls.
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Blood was long thought to harbor very little-if any-prion infectivity, yet this assumption was shaken by the efficient blood-borne sheep-to-sheep transmission of scrapie [19], cervid [20] and BSE prions [21] as well as blood-borne transmission incidents of variant CJD (vCJD) between humans [15], [16], [22].
The sheep were housed in Biocontainment Level 3 facilities to constrain any BSE infectivity spreading through the faeces and to avoid any risk of cross-contamination with scrapie.
For a surgical instrument to act as a vehicle of prion transmission, it should come into contact with infective tissue during surgery of the "donor" (contaminating procedure), should maintain any adhered infectivity after being washed and sterilised, and, finally, should make contact with receptive tissues in the "recipient" patient (transmitting procedure).
The absence of any residual infectivity in the inactivated virus preparation was confirmed by plaque assay on MDCK cells (data not shown).
At any of these infectivity periods, we considered death as a possible outcome.
Total elimination of TSEs requires methods that completely destroy any potential prion infectivity in a large scale format.
Production of biodiesel from animal fat has been proposed to decontaminate any potential prion infectivity present in the biodiesel [15].
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