"I haven't seen anything to convince me it has any deterrent effect," he said.
To the degree a cyber threat exists, it applies to any deterrent platform (or, indeed, to any military system).
So it's naïve to think that a settlement that touches no individual is going to have any deterrent effect going forward.
Again, the move is likely to have only the slightest effect on migration levels, with any deterrent factor far outweighed by the forces bringing migrants to the UK.
He said there was no evidence that the campaign to kill those involved in the Munich attack had any deterrent effect.
James B. Stewart of The New York Times, in a column in July, discussed multiple settlements by the Swiss bank UBS with the government for violations, including receiving immunity in the Libor investigation, which seem "to have had scant, if any, deterrent effect".
At UBS, a series of immunity, nonprosecution and deferred prosecution agreements in recent years — evidently the government's preferred approach to corporate crime — seems to have had scant, if any, deterrent effect.
While SAC promoted its clawback as part of an approach of "zero tolerance for wrongdoing," whether this type of policy will have any deterrent effect on insider trading is another issue.
"It is difficult to make the case for any deterrent effect from these numbers," said Steven Messner, a criminologist at the State University of New York at Albany, who reviewed the analysis by The Times.
But in many cases, these officials say, tree rustlers escape without paying anything at all because it is difficult to catch them and the $10 penalty poses little, if any, deterrent.
