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Møller, J. K. Antimicrobial usage and microbial resistance in a university hospital during a seven-year period.
As this report convincingly argues, "even the most basic information on antimicrobial usage is not available" -- not from government sources and not from industry.
This collaboration between vets and human-disease epidemiologists monitors antimicrobial usage and resistance in animals, food products and humans in Denmark.
A structured questionnaire was used to get data on antimicrobial usage.
In the developing countries as Cameroon, the situation is however different; antimicrobials are readily available in local drug stores without prescription and there is no program to control antimicrobial usage (Nakajima et al. 2010).
However, the above qualitative estimates of antimicrobial usage is different of the quantitative estimate of usage, where sulfonamides was by far the most used in quantitative terms, followed by tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones.
Antimicrobial usage in animal farming could select for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria that may spread to humans either through direct contact, consumption of meat or indirectly through environmental pathways (Marshall and Levy 2011).
The antimicrobial usage pattern observed in the present study showed that chicken farms administered antimicrobial medication to control diseases as all the farms investigated used one or more antimicrobial drugs for therapeutic and/or prophylactic purposes.
Both human and non-human antimicrobial usage may result in increased occurrence of bacterial resistance [4].
Antimicrobial usage in animal feeds can change.
Inappropriate antimicrobial usage is a worldwide problem.
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