Patients with rosacea keratitis have unusually high levels and abnormal forms of an antimicrobial protein called cathelicidin, which is synthesized by cells of the immune system, such as macrophages and neutrophils.
A third is an antimicrobial protein called scorpine it was found in scorpions that kills the malaria parasite.
Moringa oleifera seeds contain cationic antimicrobial protein which acts as biocoagulant in the removal of turbidity and also aids in water softening.
Moreover, HIF-1α activation can decrease cytokines and leads to an increase in β-defensins, a critical antimicrobial protein (Fig. 2) [2, 9 13].
In certain cases, the recruitment may be partly induced by LL-37 (leucine, leucine-37), a proinflammatory peptide of human cationic antimicrobial protein 18, and other migratory signals (Coffelt et al., 2009).
LL-37 is the C-terminal part of the only human cathelicidin identified to date called human cationic antimicrobial protein (hCAP-18), which is mainly expressed by neutrophils and epithelial cells.
Heparin-binding protein (HBP), also known as azurocidin or cationic antimicrobial protein of 37 kDa, is a mediator of inflammation and vascular permeability that is released from activated neutrophils and has been shown to correlate with sepsis development, severity and prognosis [4 6].
In corneal amyloidosis the widespread and well-characterized antimicrobial protein lactoferrin accumulates in the subepithelium as insoluble amyloid [57], [58].
However, while it is often hypothesized that PLUNC acts as a directly antimicrobial protein, evidence for this is limited.
In humans, the major cathelicidin peptide is LL-37, which is produced by proteolytic processing of its precursor hCAP18 (human cationic antimicrobial protein 18).
Mice deficient for both the TLR signaling protein MyD88 and the antimicrobial protein Nramp1 were more susceptible to C. jejuni colonization when administered systemically.
