Sentence examples for antimicrobial environment from inspiring English sources

The chitosan polymer has natural antimicrobial, environment friendly, biocompatible, biodegradable, and film-forming properties, and is nontoxic to mammals.

The conditional activation of Cu ionophores by innate immune cells intensifies the hostile antimicrobial environment and represents a promising approach to combat infectious disease.

Upon activation, neutrophils release PTX3 from secondary granules, thus exhausting their nonrenewable preformed stores, and build up a PTX3-enriched antimicrobial environment during NETosis [ 46].

After phagocytosis, the newly formed phagosome undergoes a series of vesicle fusion and maturation steps to generate a highly antimicrobial environment.

We also highlight a prominent role for immune related genes in involution, equating this with phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells and the maintenance of an antimicrobial environment during milk stasis.

This suggests that in addition to other functions, SPI-2 may be also involved in preparing Salmonella to successfully resist the harsh antimicrobial environment within macrophages (Brown et al., 2005).

However, resistant bacteria often develop secondary mutations that can compensate for these fitness costs, and these mutations allow the bacteria to thrive, even in antimicrobial free environments (Lenski, 1998).

However, we found that continuing induction of an antimicrobial inflammatory lung environment for up to 72 h potentiates the effects of high dose ribavirin and almost completely averts an otherwise uniformly fatal outcome.

This group selected six strains of Lactobacillus based on survival in a simulated gastrointestinal environment, antimicrobial activity and ability to induce IL-10, highlighting the point that there should be a disease-specific rationale for selection of probiotics.

Here we highlight the sequential induction of distinct apoptosis pathways in involution and the stimulation of immunomodulatory signals, which probably suppress the potentially damaging effects of a cellular inflammatory response while maintaining an appropriate antimicrobial and phagocytic environment.

This heterogeneity in Bd epidemiology may be influenced by genotypic virulence variation of Bd, host immunological responses, and by complex interactions between host and pathogen phenotypes, the environment, antimicrobial peptides, skin bacteria and aquatic microfauna (Fisher et al., 2009; Gervasi et al., 2013, 2014; Lam et al., 2010; Rollins-Smith et al., 2011; Schmeller et al., 2014).