Host defense peptides that exhibit potent, broad spectrum antimicrobial activity have provided the basis for significant research into the development of novel antimicrobial agents, including antifungals.
Peptidoglycan synthesis is the target of many useful antimicrobial agents, including the β-lactam antibiotics (e.g., penicillin) that block the cross-linking of the peptide bridges.
We herein review the state of knowledge regarding the in vitro and in vivo susceptibility of archaea to antimicrobial agents, including some new molecules.
"Antimicrobial stewardship" promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents, including antibiotics, in order to improve patient outcomes, reduce drug resistance, and limit the spread of infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria.
This chapter presents an overview of the recent research and developments in antimicrobial packaging systems containing natural antimicrobial agents including bacteriocins, organic acids, plant extracts and enzymes, and natural antimicrobial polymers such as chitosan.
The worldwide expansion of NO investigations have helped advance progress in biomedical device applications of NO-based strategies for cardiovascular devices, wound healing and antimicrobial agents, including recent in vivo investigations.
P. aeruginosa, Aeromonas spp., and S. maltophilia showed sustained levels of susceptibility to several antimicrobial agents in the two time periods, whereas A. baumannii exhibited very high rates of resistance to most antimicrobial agents including imipenem.
In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, rates of efflux confer inherent resistance to many antimicrobial agents, including fluoroquinolones, due to a high level of expression and a relatively high turnover number of the efflux pumps in gram-negative bacteria.
A large proportion of S. enterica Typhimurium isolates were resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents, including ampicillin (90.3%), tetracycline (80.6%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (74.2%), chloramphenicol (66.1%), cefotaxime (27.4%).
The inactivation of Ecs increased susceptibility of S. aureus to several antimicrobial agents including ribosomal antibiotics as was demonstrated by phenotype microarray analysis and MIC determinations.
A most concerning development is the increasing occurrence of strains resistant to carbapenems or even to last resource antimicrobial agents including colistin or the new antibiotic tigecycline [1] [4].
