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First-line antibiotics were defined as penicillin, ampicillin, gentamycin, ceftriaxone, and cefuroxime.
Appropriate antibiotics were defined as having in vitro activities against the causative pathogens [ 30].
Empiric antibiotics were defined as antibiotics administered without culture-documented infection.
Strains resistant to ≥ 3 classes of antibiotics were defined as multidrug resistant (MDR).
Broad spectrum antibiotics were defined as those reported in the literature to be effective against a wide range of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, and narrow spectrum antibiotics as those reported in the literature to be effective against a limited range of bacteria.
In the present study we used both of these definitions; in culture positive patients the adequacy of antibiotics were defined according to the results of the antimicrobial susceptibility testing whereas in culture negative patients clinical response to the empiric antibiotic regimen was taken into consideration.
Similar(54)
Time to antibiotics was defined as the elapsed time in minutes from the initial presentation of sepsis to the initial administration of antibiotics.
Antibiotics are defined as the antimicrobial substances that are produced either naturally by living organisms or synthetically by laboratory procedures with the ability to inhibit the growth of microorganisms or kill the microorganisms (Wageh et al., 2013).
Aggravation might continue if no effective measures regulating improper use of antibiotics is defined.
Resistance to at least four classes of antibiotics was defined as MDR [ 21].
Delayed administration of adequate antibiotics was defined when the length of the delay was 48 hours or more [ 12].
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