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Catheter-related infection was defined by the association of general or local signs of infection and bacteremia and/or positive culture of the catheter or differential time to positivity of simultaneous blood cultures or good evolution 48 h after device removal and after antibiotics initiation.
Embolism occurs early in the course of IE; the steep decline of the risk of embolization immediately after antibiotics initiation allows only a narrow time window for the surgical prophylaxis of embolic complications.
The results showed that, for patients not using outpatient antibiotics, initiation of antibiotic treatment within 4 hours of admission significantly improved in-hospital mortality from 7.4%to6.8%8% (P = 0.05), and improved 30-day mortality rates from 12.7%too 11.6% (P < 0.01).
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The time for antibiotic initiation was 3.43 ± 4.48 h, with 87.6 % of the antibiotics initiated in the emergency department.
On the other hand, the time for antibiotic initiation was 3.43 ± 4.48 h, with 87.6 % of the antibiotics initiated in the emergency department (Table 3).
Large overlap for CRP values PCT/CRP/INF-ϒ Marc E, [43] Single-centre observational study 58 viral Very low Antibiotic initiation and hospital days, based on a serum PCT < 0.5 to not initiate or stop antibiotics.
Two studies employed a PCT-guided strategy of antibiotic initiation and discontinuation [35, 38].
These studies used PCT in three clinical strategies: initiation, discontinuation, or combination of antibiotic initiation and discontinuation strategies.
These studies evaluated the effects of PCT-guided strategies in antibiotic discontinuation (n = 8) [24, 24, 31 34, 37, 39], antibiotic initiation (n = 3) [130 36] 36], or the combination of the antibiotic initiation and discontinuation (n = 2) [38] 38].
Due to the insufficient evidence, a baseline PCT value should not be used as a marker to guide antibiotic initiation.
Another reason could be related to the high non-compliance rate with the PCT-guided antibiotic initiation strategy described in the study.
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