First, many of the Holocene (anthropogenic time interval) samples include more species occurrences than the pre-anthropogenic samples (Table S1), which would be expected to bias the results by producing Holocene SARs with higher diversity values (see Materials and Methods).
Due to alleged higher anthropogenic impact, cropland samples could presumably be slightly higher in concentration than those deriving from grassland.
The different water conditions could explain the formation of different clusters of archaea-containing phylotypes exclusively from RES/REF (upwelling influenced area) or POS/POF (anthropogenic influenced area) samples (Fig. S1), as well as for the Eukarya domain (Fig. 6b).
As a comparison, two sites in the southern lagoon of Nouméa characterized by different levels of anthropogenic impact were sampled: Sainte Marie receiving urban nutrient inputs from the nearby city, and Crouy far from nutrient inputs (15 km from the city, Fig. 1).
With respect to borehole sampling, anthropogenic colloids and secondary mineral(s) precipitated on the borehole walls (Figure 1).
Although anthropogenic variables were sampled at a 1 km resolution, the nearshore environment is highly variable and can be under the influence of point sources.
Overall, results support use of the intI1 gene as an indicator of ARGs and the LAMP assays exhibit the opportunity for volunteers to monitor environmental samples for anthropogenic pollution outside of a specialized laboratory.
Beginning in 1870 A.D., δ34S signatures in the ice-core samples indicated anthropogenic S sources.
High concentration of TDS in surface water at SW7 (1037 mg/L, pre monsoon) and SW9 (1014 mg/L, post monsoon) is the indicator of excessive anthropogenic activities besides the sampling area (Yisa and Jimoh 2010).
Results from soil samples under different anthropogenic perturbations showed significant (P < 0.001) differences in CO2 contents (mg h− 1 100 g− 1) produced by agricultural (3.3) and mining soils (1.3).
To determine the dynamics of the AMF community in response to natural phenomena and anthropogenic disturbances, we collected soil samples during the wet and dry seasons from plots with different time periods since abandonment of agricultural activity, categorized as early (less than 5 years), middle (11 23 years), and late (over 30 years) age plots.
