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When it communicates with the HAP antenna i, the user is interfered by the HAP antenna j and k, which are assumed to operate in the same frequency band as the antenna serving the cell i.
Since all the antennas employ the common beamwidth of the antenna serving the central cell illustrated in Figure 3, cells further away from the centre have a better performance due to a smaller subtended angle at the cell edge from its boresight.
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This mode of operation is described as point-to-multipoint (PtMP), since one base station antenna serves many subscribers.
Such an area is typical of cooperation using sectored BS antennas in which each sector antenna serves one third of a cell.
The San Francisco Neighborhood Antenna Free Union estimates there are upwards of 500 locations and more than 2,500 individual antennas serving San Francisco, not including antennas on light and utility poles in the city's public rights-of-way, or unlicensed WiFi hotspots in homes, coffee shop and libraries.
The secondary network has a single femtocell base station, equipped with K antennas, serving K SUs.
In a HAP cellular system, the interference is due to HAP antennas serving cells in the same frequency band.
A single cell scenario is considered, where the BS deploys a uniform linear array with N t=128 antennas serving K=6 single-antenna MSs.
The relay has antennas, where is the number of base station antennas serving each sector, and is the number of base stations sharing the relay.
In a HAP cellular system with multiple antennas, interference is mainly caused by antennas serving cells on the same channel employing the terrestrial frequency reuse schedule [11].
Nevertheless, due to cell splitting, the effective number of BS antennas serving each group is equal to b which is smaller than MN.
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