In an instant, odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) located on the creature's antennae bind the molecules and transport them towards receptors located on the surfaces of the olfactory neurons.
This is because when the number of BS antennas grows without bound, the channel steering vectors between different users become asymptotically orthogonal to each other.
We show the following lemma that presents the optimal beamforming vector maximizing R sum when the number of BS antennas grows without bound.
Corollary 2 showcases that the fixed the number of users, (R_{k}^{text {min}}) converges to constant as the number of BS antennas grows without bound.
Theoretically, as the number of base station (BS) antennas grows without bound, the effects of uncorrelated noise and fast fading disappear [16], the high degree of freedom (DoF) is provided [17], and the distribution of the singular values of the channel matrix approaches to a deterministic function [18].
In higher plants as well as in green algae, the antenna pigment molecules (Telfer 2002) bound to light harvesting (or antenna) complexes in the thylakoid membrane help to harvest light and transfer energy to the reaction center of photosystems, e.g., PS II.
The EM field is dispersed according to the properties of the transmitting antenna, and not tightly bound as is the case with communication over a wire.
Apoproteins of core antenna complexes solely bind chlorophyll a, while apoproteins of peripheral antenna complexes bind both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b [ 1].
Some novel results, such as the tradeoff between the number of receiving antennae and sampling diversity and the lower bound of receiving antennae for parameter identification, are also derived.
It was shown that when the number of BS antennas M grows without bound, the transmitted power of each user could be reduced proportionally to M if the BS has perfect channel state information (CSI) and 1/M if CSI is estimated from uplink pilots.
